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Smoking in China is prevalent, as China is the world's largest consumer and producer of tobacco: there are 350 million Chinese smokers,〔 and China produces 42% of the world's cigarettes.〔 The China National Tobacco Corporation (中国国家烟草公司 ''Zhōngguó yāncǎo zǒng gōngsī'') is by sales the largest single manufacturer of tobacco products in the world and boasts a monopoly in Mainland China generating between 7 and 10% of government revenue. Within the Chinese guanxi system, tobacco is still a ubiquitous gift acceptable on any occasion, particularly outside of urban areas. Tobacco control legislation does exist, but public enforcement is rare to non-existent outside of the most highly internationalized cities, such as Shanghai and Beijing. Outside the mainland however, enforcement is strong in the Hong Kong special administrative region. Furthermore, outside of the largest cities in China, smoking is considered socially acceptable anywhere at any time, even if it is technically illegal. The Chinese Association on Tobacco Control (中国控制吸烟协会 ''Zhōngguó kòngzhì xīyān xiéhuì'') is engaged in tobacco control by members of the voluntary sector, including academic, social and mass organizations,〔(Chinese Association on Smoking Control )〕 as strong enforcement of existing tobacco control laws is not supported by the Chinese Government.〔 Yang Gonghuan, deputy director of the National Center of Disease Control of China, said that progress on tobacco control is not moving quickly because the government derives large tax revenues from tobacco sales, and the industry employs a large workforce. The Ministry said that as a "mid-term goal, all health administrations and half of the country's healthcare facilities should be smoke-free by the end of 2010".〔 Nearly 60% of male Chinese doctors are smokers, which is the highest proportion in the world.〔 China does not have laws to punish health care facilities, medical workers and health officials who violate smoking bans, and is instead relying on the Chinese media to act as a watchdog.〔 Smoking is a social custom in the PRC,〔 and giving cigarettes at any social interaction is a sign of respect and friendliness.〔 ==Tobacco control legislation== On May 20, 2009, the Ministry of Health of China issued a formal decision to completely ban smoking in all health administration offices and medical facilities by the year 2011.〔Middleton, J. (From 2011, Smoking Will Be Banned Completely in the Medical and Healthcare System ). Clear the Air. 23 May 2009.〕 With an ever-increasing Chinese smoking population of over 350 million, the enactment of the May 20 initiative represents an important landmark in China's commitment to tobacco control. However, due to the Chinese government's complex relationship with tobacco policy (for instance, many localities rely upon tobacco tax revenue as a substantial source of income),〔Paddock, C. (China To Ban Smoking In 7 Cities: Pilot Project ). Medical News Today. 18 January 2010.〕 there have been many concerns about the practicality of the national policy's enforcement. In addition to the May 20 measure, numerous provincial and city-level administrations in China have also enacted policies to control the prevalence and health impacts of smoking within the last decade. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Smoking in China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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